目錄MySQL NDB Cluster 是什么搭建集群的前置工作開始部署集群部署管理服務(wù)器部署數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器部署 SQL 服務(wù)所有集群服務(wù)部署完畢，我們來測(cè)試一下集群是否真的部署成功數(shù)據(jù)庫集群部署成功了，總結(jié)一下集群的注意事項(xiàng)MySQL NDB Cluster 是什么

MySQL NDB Cluster 是 MySQL 的一個(gè)高可用、高冗余版本，適用于分布式計(jì)算環(huán)境。文檔鏈接

搭建集群的前置工作

至少準(zhǔn)備 3 臺(tái)服務(wù)器，一臺(tái)作為管理服務(wù)器，兩臺(tái)作為數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器和 SQL 服務(wù)器，當(dāng)然有更多的服務(wù)器會(huì)更好。

管理服務(wù)器mgm：192.168.0.105數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器ndb1：192.168.0.106數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器ndb2：192.168.0.104sql服務(wù)器：192.168.0.106sql服務(wù)器：192.168.0.104

開始部署集群

首先下載 MySQL NDB Cluster二進(jìn)制文件，解壓縮后開始下面的步驟。

部署管理服務(wù)器

更新系統(tǒng)

apt update -y && apt upgrade -y && apt install libncurses5 -y

復(fù)制 ndb_mgm 和 ndb_mgmd 到管理服務(wù)器

scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndb_mgm* mgm@192.168.0.105:/home/mgm

在管理服務(wù)器復(fù)制 ndb_mgm 和 ndb_mgmd 到/usr/local/bin 文件夾

cp -rfv /home/mgm/ndb_mgm* /usr/local/bin

賦予 ndb_mgm 和 ndb_mgmd 可執(zhí)行權(quán)限

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ndb_mgm*

添加配置文件

mkdir /var/lib/mysql-clustervi /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini

config.ini

[ndbd default]# Options affecting ndbd processes on all data nodes:NoOfReplicas=2 # Number of fragment replicasDataMemory=98M # How much memory to allocate for data storage[ndb_mgmd]# Management process options:HostName=192.168.0.105 # Hostname or IP address of management nodeNodeId=1 # Node ID for this Management nodeDataDir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster # Directory for management node log files[ndbd]# Options for data node 'A': # (one [ndbd] section per data node)HostName=192.168.0.104 # Hostname or IP addressNodeId=2 # Node ID for this data nodeDataDir=/data/mysql-cluster/data # Directory for this data node’s data files[ndbd]# Options for data node 'B”:# (one [ndbd] section per data node)HostName=192.168.0.106 # Hostname or IP addressNodeId=3# Node ID for this data nodeDataDir=/data/mysql-cluster/data# Directory for this data node’s data files[mysqld]# SQL node options:HostName=192.168.0.104 # Hostname or IP address # (additional mysqld connections can be # specified for this node for various # purposes such as running ndb_restore)[mysqld]# SQL node options:HostName=192.168.0.106 # Hostname or IP address # (additional mysqld connections can be # specified for this node for various # purposes such as running ndb_restore)

開啟防火墻，集群管理服務(wù)默認(rèn)使用 1186 端口

ufw allow 22ufw allow 1186ufw enable

初始化并啟動(dòng)管理服務(wù)器

cd /usr/local/bin/ndb_mgmd --initial --configdir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini --ndb-nodeid=1

當(dāng)出現(xiàn)以下結(jié)果的時(shí)候，表示管理服務(wù)器已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)成功了

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgmd --initial --configdir=/var/lib/mysql-cluster -f /var/lib/mysql-cluster/config.ini --ndb-nodeid=1MySQL Cluster Management Server mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17

我們?cè)賵?zhí)行 ndb_mgm 命令，可以查看當(dāng)前集群的狀態(tài)

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)]2 node(s)id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104)id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)]1 node(s)id=1@192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)]2 node(s)id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104)id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)部署數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器

在所有數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器上執(zhí)行以下操作

更新系統(tǒng)

apt update -y && apt upgrade -y && apt install libncurses5 -y

開啟防火墻

ufw allow 22ufw allow 2202ufw enable

復(fù)制 ndbd 和 ndbmtd 到數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器

#復(fù)制到192.168.0.106scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbd ndb1@192.168.0.106:/home/ndb1scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbmtd ndb1@192.168.0.106:/home/ndb1#復(fù)制到192.168.0.104scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbd ndb2@192.168.0.104:/home/ndb2scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/ndbmtd ndb2@192.168.0.104:/home/ndb2

在管理服務(wù)器復(fù)制 ndbd 和 ndbmtd 到/usr/local/bin 文件夾

#192.168.0.106cp -rfv /home/ndb1/ndbd /usr/local/bincp -rfv /home/ndb1/ndbmtd /usr/local/bin#192.168.0.104cp -rfv /home/ndb2/ndbd /usr/local/bincp -rfv /home/ndb2/ndbmtd /usr/local/bin

賦予 ndbd 可執(zhí)行權(quán)限

chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ndbdchmod +x /usr/local/bin/ndbmtd

在/etc下加入my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

my.cnf文件

[mysqld]# Options for mysqld process:ndbcluster# run NDB storage engine[mysql_cluster]# Options for NDB Cluster processes:ndb-connectstring=192.168.0.105 # location of management server

創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)保存的目錄，必須與管理服務(wù)配置的路徑一致

mkdir -p /data/mysql-cluster/data

啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)

root@ndb1:/usr/local/bin# ndbd2021-06-20 08:10:23 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to ’192.168.0.105:1186’2021-06-20 08:10:23 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 3

回到集群管理服務(wù)器查看集群狀態(tài)，此時(shí)可以看到數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)已經(jīng)連接成功

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104)id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, starting, Nodegroup: 0)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104)id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)

在另一臺(tái)服務(wù)器（192.168.0.104）重復(fù) 4、5、6、7 步驟的操作，結(jié)果可看到

root@ndb2:/usr/local/bin# ndbd2021-06-20 08:20:10 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel connected to ’192.168.0.105:1186’2021-06-20 08:20:10 [ndbd] INFO -- Angel allocated nodeid: 2

回到集群管理服務(wù)器查看集群狀態(tài)，此時(shí)可以看到所有數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)已經(jīng)連接成功

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104)id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)在目錄/data/mysql/data下面可以看到數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了數(shù)據(jù)root@ndb1:~# ls /data/mysql/data/ndb_3_fs ndb_3_out.log ndb_3.pid部署 SQL 服務(wù)

復(fù)制 MySQL 到SQL服務(wù)器

scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz ndb2@192.168.0.104:/home/ndb2scp ./mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz ndb1@192.168.0.106:/home/ndb1

解壓縮 MySQL, 然后復(fù)制到/usr/local目錄

tar -zxvf mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gzcp -rfv mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/ln -snf /usr/local/mysql-cluster-gpl-7.6.17-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysqlcp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.serverexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/binsource /etc/profile

開啟防火墻

ufw allow 22ufw allow 3306ufw enable

創(chuàng)建 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)存放的目錄

mkdir -p /data/mysql/datamkdir -p /data/mysql/runmkdir -p /var/log/mysql

創(chuàng)建 mysql 用戶，創(chuàng)建相關(guān)目錄

groupadd mysqluseradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysqlchown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/datachmod 750 /data/mysql/datachown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/runchmod 750 /data/mysql/runchown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqlchmod 750 /var/log/mysql

創(chuàng)建 MySQL 配置文件

mkdir -p /etc/mysqlvi /etc/mysql/my.cnfmy.cnf[mysqld]# Options for mysqld process:ndbcluster # run NDB storage enginepid-file = /data/mysql/run/mysqld.pidsocket = /data/mysql/run/mysqld.sockdatadir = /data/mysql/data# log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log# By default we only accept connections from localhostbind-address = 192.168.0.106# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security riskssymbolic-links = 0[mysql_cluster]# Options for NDB Cluster processes:ndb-connectstring = 192.168.0.105 # location of management server[client]socket = /data/mysql/run/mysqld.sock

初始化MySQL

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

記錄下 MySQL 初始化生成的 root 用戶密碼 sF#Hy,IuT6d#

root@ndb1:~# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql2021-06-20T12:23:26.874302Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).2021-06-20T12:23:27.102146Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=457902021-06-20T12:23:27.145317Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2021-06-20T12:23:27.154405Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 50a15854-d1c2-11eb-9792-000c29681e23.2021-06-20T12:23:27.155927Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table ’mysql.gtid_executed’ cannot be opened.2021-06-20T12:23:28.339372Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.2021-06-20T12:23:28.624534Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: sF#Hy,IuT6d#

啟動(dòng)MySQL

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

修改 root 用戶密碼

mysqladmin -uroot -p’sF#Hy,IuT6d#’ password ’123456’

回到集群管理服務(wù)器查看集群狀態(tài)，此時(shí)可以看到有一個(gè) SQL 服務(wù)已經(jīng)連接上了

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.104)id=5 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)

在另一臺(tái)服務(wù)器（192.168.0.104）部署 SQL 服務(wù)，回到集群管理服務(wù)器查看集群狀態(tài)，此時(shí)可以看到所有 SQL 服務(wù)已經(jīng)連接成功

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showCluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)id=5 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)所有集群服務(wù)部署完畢，我們來測(cè)試一下集群是否真的部署成功

在 192.168.0.106 的 MySQL 上創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫和表

CREATE DATABASE `wechat`;CREATE TABLE wechat.user (Column1 varchar(100) NULL,Column2 varchar(100) NULL)ENGINE=ndbclusterDEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;插入數(shù)據(jù)并查看mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || ndbinfo || performance_schema || sys || wechat |+--------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from wechat.user;Empty set (0.02 sec)mysql> insert wechat.user (Column1, column2) value (’1’, ’2’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 1 | 2 |+---------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在另一個(gè) SQL 服務(wù)器查詢，結(jié)果是成功的

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql || ndbinfo || performance_schema || sys || wechat |+--------------------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from wechat.user;Empty set (0.07 sec)mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 1 | 2 |+---------+---------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

現(xiàn)在我們把其中一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)關(guān)掉，在管理服務(wù)器我們看到 ndbd已經(jīng)關(guān)閉一個(gè)了

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)id=5 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)

寫入一筆數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 1 | 2 |+---------+---------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> insert into wechat.user (Column1, column2) value (’3’, ’4’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 3 | 4 || 1 | 2 |+---------+---------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在另一臺(tái) SQL 服務(wù)器查詢，結(jié)果還是一致的

mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 3 | 4 || 1 | 2 |+---------+---------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

我們?cè)訇P(guān)閉 192.168.0.106 SQL服務(wù)

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)id=3 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)id=5 (not connected, accepting connect from 192.168.0.106)

在 192.168.0.104 的 SQL 服務(wù)寫入一筆數(shù)據(jù)

mysql> insert into wechat.user (Column1, column2) value (’5’, ’6’);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 5 | 6 || 3 | 4 || 1 | 2 |+---------+---------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

啟動(dòng) 192.168.0.106 的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)和SQL服務(wù)

root@mgm:/usr/local/bin# ndb_mgm-- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --ndb_mgm> showConnected to Management Server at: localhost:1186Cluster Configuration---------------------[ndbd(NDB)] 2 node(s)id=2 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0, *)id=3 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17, Nodegroup: 0)[ndb_mgmd(MGM)] 1 node(s)id=1 @192.168.0.105 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)[mysqld(API)] 2 node(s)id=4 @192.168.0.104 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)id=5 @192.168.0.106 (mysql-5.7.33 ndb-7.6.17)

在 192.168.0.106 查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)生故障期間產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)同步了過來

root@ndb1:~# mysql -uroot -pEnter password:Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.Your MySQL connection id is 4Server version: 5.7.33-ndb-7.6.17-cluster-gpl MySQL Cluster Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type ’help;’ or ’h’ for help. Type ’c’ to clear the current input statement.mysql> select * from wechat.user;+---------+---------+| Column1 | Column2 |+---------+---------+| 1 | 2 || 5 | 6 || 3 | 4 |+---------+---------+3 rows in set (0.08 sec)數(shù)據(jù)庫集群部署成功了，總結(jié)一下集群的注意事項(xiàng) 創(chuàng)建表的時(shí)候，需要設(shè)置ENGINE=ndbcluster，具體請(qǐng)看上面的建表腳本。 每個(gè) SQL 服務(wù)需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)建一樣的用戶密碼 管理服務(wù)器不能全部發(fā)生故障，否則集群數(shù)據(jù)庫操作失敗。 數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器不能全部發(fā)生故障，否則集群數(shù)據(jù)庫操作失敗。 SQL 服務(wù)器發(fā)生故障期間建立的數(shù)據(jù)庫，在恢復(fù)后不會(huì)自動(dòng)同步新建數(shù)據(jù)庫過來，需要手動(dòng)在故障恢復(fù)后的服務(wù)器上創(chuàng)建同名數(shù)據(jù)庫，之后數(shù)據(jù)才會(huì)自動(dòng)同步過來。 只要管理服務(wù)器和數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)器越多，故障發(fā)生時(shí)，才能保證數(shù)據(jù)安全的寫入，才不會(huì)導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)不可用。 SQL 服務(wù)器越多，把數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問的請(qǐng)求通過負(fù)載均衡服務(wù)分?jǐn)偟礁鱾€(gè) SQL 服務(wù)器，才能承受更多的并發(fā)量。 集群?jiǎn)?dòng)必須按照以下順序依次啟動(dòng)，管理服務(wù)->數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)->SQL服務(wù)。

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