目錄1.簡(jiǎn)述：2.xlrd模塊的基本操作2.1打開(kāi)excel文件獲取book對(duì)象2.2獲取xlrd.book.Book 對(duì)象中的所有sheet名稱2.3獲取xlrd.book.Book對(duì)象中的所有sheet對(duì)象2.4判斷xlrd.book.Book對(duì)象中某個(gè)sheet對(duì)象是否導(dǎo)入3.sheet對(duì)象的基本操作3.1行操作3.2列操作3.3單元格操作3.4對(duì)單元格中的日期/時(shí)間操作1.簡(jiǎn)述：

xlrd是讀取excel表格數(shù)據(jù)；

支持 xlsx和xls 格式的excel表格；

三方模塊安裝方式：pip3 install xlrd；

模塊導(dǎo)入方式： import xlrd

2.xlrd模塊的基本操作

Xler的操作主要分兩步：其一時(shí)獲取book對(duì)象，其二book對(duì)象再次進(jìn)行excel的讀取操作。

2.1打開(kāi)excel文件獲取book對(duì)象

xlrd.open_workbook(filename[,logfile,file_contents,…])

如果filename 文件名不存在，則會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò) FilenotFoundError。

如果filename 文件名存在，則會(huì)返回一個(gè)xrld.book.Book 對(duì)象。 import xlrd

Workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop銀聯(lián)測(cè)試案例.xls')print(Workbook)

2.2獲取xlrd.book.Book 對(duì)象中的所有sheet名稱

Names = Workbook.sheet_names()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')names = workbook.sheet_names()print(names)

2.3獲取xlrd.book.Book對(duì)象中的所有sheet對(duì)象

Sheets = workbook.sheets()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')names = workbook.sheets()print(names)

獲取單個(gè)的sheet頁(yè)對(duì)象

三種方式 ：

第一種 worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index()第二種 worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name()第三種 worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]print(worksheet1,worksheet2,worksheet3)

2.4判斷xlrd.book.Book對(duì)象中某個(gè)sheet對(duì)象是否導(dǎo)入

通過(guò)文件名

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()print(workbook.sheet_loaded('公司分部'))

通過(guò)索引

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()print(workbook.sheet_loaded(0))3.sheet對(duì)象的基本操作3.1行操作

①獲取所有行數(shù)

Rows = sheet.nrows 特別注意，這是屬性而不是方法，不加括號(hào)。

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]print(worksheet1.nrows)

②獲取某行的數(shù)據(jù)，值為列表形式

Value = sheet.row_values()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UserslwDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_values(1)print(value)

③獲取某行的類型及數(shù)據(jù)

Sheet.row()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row(1)print(value)

④獲取某行的類型的列表

Sheet.row_types()

單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對(duì)應(yīng)的值）；

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_types(1)print(value)

⑤以切片形式獲取某行的類型及數(shù)據(jù)

Sheet.row_slice() 記錄分隔符為n

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_slice(1)print(value)

⑥獲取某行的長(zhǎng)度

Sheet.len()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]value = worksheet1.row_len(1)print(value)

⑦獲取sheet的所有生成器

Sheet.get_rows()

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]row = worksheet1.get_rows()for one in row: print(one)

3.2列操作

①獲取有效列數(shù)

Sheet.cols 注意：此處為屬性不加括號(hào)

②獲取某列數(shù)據(jù)

Sheet.values()

③獲取某列類型

Sheet.types()

單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對(duì)應(yīng)的值）；

④以slice切片方式獲取某列數(shù)據(jù)

Sheet.value_slice()workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')sheets = workbook.sheets()worksheet1 = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)worksheet2 = workbook.sheet_by_name('公司分部')worksheet3 = workbook.sheets()[0]cols = worksheet1.colvalue = worksheet1.col_values(0)type = worksheet1.col_types(0)valuesl = worksheet1.col_slice(0)print(cols)print('----------------------')print(value)print('----------------------')print(type)print('----------------------')print(valuesl)

3.3單元格操作

①獲取單元格數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象。 sheet.cell(rowx,colx)類型為xlrd.sheet.Cell

②獲取單元格類型。Sheet.cell_type(rowx,colx)

單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對(duì)應(yīng)的值）；

③獲取單元格數(shù)據(jù)。

Sheet.cell_value(rowx,colx)

3.4對(duì)單元格中的日期/時(shí)間操作

單元類型ctype：empty為0，string為1，number為2，date為3，boolean為4， error為5（左邊為類型，右邊為類型對(duì)應(yīng)的值）；

①xlrd.xldate_as_tuple()

“{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}”.format(date[0],date[1],date[2])

②xlrd.xldate_as_datetime(value,mode).strftime(“%Y-%m-%d”)

workbook = xlrd.open_workbook('C:UsersliDesktop測(cè)試用例.xlsx')import datetimesheet2_object = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)value_type = sheet2_object.cell(0, 1).ctypevalue_type = sheet2_object.cell_value(1, 4)data = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_datetime(value_type,0)print(data.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))date = xlrd.xldate.xldate_as_tuple(value_type,0)print('{}-{:0>2}-{:0>2}'.format(date[0],date[1],date[2]))

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