1.Django實現Websocket

使用Django來實現Websocket服務的方法很多在這里我們推薦技術最新的Channels庫來實現

1.1.安裝DjangoChannels

Channels安裝如果你是Windows操作系統的話,那么必要條件就是Python3.7

pip install channels

1.2.配置DjangoChannels

1.創建項目ChannelsReady

django-admin startprobject ChannelsReady

2.在項目的settings.py同級目錄中,新建文件routing.py

# routing.pyfrom channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouterapplication = ProtocolTypeRouter({ # 暫時為空})

3.在項目配置文件settings.py中寫入

INSTALLED_APPS = [ ’channels’]ASGI_APPLICATION = 'ChannelsReady.routing.application'

1.3.啟動帶有Channels提供的ASGI的Django項目

You have 17 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.Run ’python manage.py migrate’ to apply them.February 01, 2020 - 17:27:13Django version 3.0.2, using settings ’ChannelsReady.settings’Starting ASGI/Channels version 2.4.0 development server at http://0.0.0.0:8000/Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

很明顯可以看到ASGI/Channels,這樣就算啟動完成了

1.4.創建Websocket服務

1.創建一個新的應用chats

python manage.py startapp chats

2.在settings.py中注冊chats

INSTALLED_APPS = [ ’chats’, ’channels’]

3.在chats應用中新建文件chatService.py

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumer# 這里除了 WebsocketConsumer 之外還有# JsonWebsocketConsumer# AsyncWebsocketConsumer# AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer# WebsocketConsumer 與 JsonWebsocketConsumer 就是多了一個可以自動處理JSON的方法# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 與 AsyncJsonWebsocketConsumer 也是多了一個JSON的方法# AsyncWebsocketConsumer 與 WebsocketConsumer 才是重點# 看名稱似乎理解并不難 Async 無非就是異步帶有 async / await# 是的理解并沒有錯,但對與我們來說他們唯一不一樣的地方,可能就是名字的長短了,用法是一模一樣的# 最夸張的是,基類是同一個,而且這個基類的方法也是Async異步的class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 當Websocket創建連接時 def connect(self): pass # 當Websocket接收到消息時 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): pass # 當Websocket發生斷開連接時 def disconnect(self, code): pass

1.5.為Websocket處理對象增加路由

1.在chats應用中,新建urls.py

from django.urls import pathfrom chats.chatService import ChatServicewebsocket_url = [ path('ws/',ChatService)]

2.回到項目routing.py文件中增加ASGI非HTTP請求處理

from channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter,URLRouterfrom chats.urls import websocket_urlapplication = ProtocolTypeRouter({ 'websocket':URLRouter( websocket_url )})

總結：

下載 注冊到setting.py里的app 在setting.py同級的目錄下注冊channels使用的路由----->routing.py 將routing.py注冊到setting.py 把urls.py的路由注冊到routing.py里 編寫wsserver.py來處理websocket請求

<template> <div> <input type='text' v-model='message'> <p><input type='button' @click='send' value='發送'></p> <p><input type='button' @click='close_socket' value='關閉'></p> </div></template><script>export default { name:’websocket1’, data() { return { message:’’, testsocket:’’ } }, methods:{ send(){ // send 發送信息 // close 關閉連接 this.testsocket.send(this.message) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log('WS的返回結果',res.data); } }, close_socket(){ this.testsocket.close() } }, mounted(){ this.testsocket = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/') // onopen 定義打開時的函數 // onclose 定義關閉時的函數 // onmessage 定義接收數據時候的函數 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){ // console.log('開始連接socket') // }, // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){ // console.log('socket連接已經關閉') // } }}</script>

3.廣播消息

3.1客戶端保持不變，同時打開多個客戶端

3.2服務端存儲每個鏈接的對象

socket_list = []class ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 當Websocket創建連接時 def connect(self): self.accept() socket_list.append(self) # 當Websocket接收到消息時 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): print(text_data) # 打印收到的數據 for ws in socket_list: # 遍歷所有的WebsocketConsumer對象 ws.send(text_data) # 對每一個WebsocketConsumer對象發送數據

4.點對點消息

4.1客戶端將用戶名拼接到url，并在發送的消息里指明要發送的對象

<template> <div> <input type='text' v-model='message'> <input type='text' v-model='user'> <p><input type='button' @click='send' value='發送'></p> <p><input type='button' @click='close_socket' value='關閉'></p> </div></template><script>export default { name:’websocket1’, data() { return { message:’’, testsocket:’’, user:’’ } }, methods:{ send(){ // send 發送信息 // close 關閉連接 var data1 = {'message':this.message,'to_user':this.user} this.testsocket.send(JSON.stringify(data1)) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log('WS的返回結果',res.data); } }, close_socket(){ this.testsocket.close() }, generate_uuid: function() { var d = new Date().getTime(); if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === 'function') { d += performance.now(); //use high-precision timer if available } var uuid = 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace( /[xy]/g, function(c) { var r = (d + Math.random() * 16) % 16 | 0; d = Math.floor(d / 16); return (c == 'x' ? r : (r & 0x3) | 0x8).toString(16); } ); return uuid; }, }, mounted(){ var username = this.generate_uuid(); console.log(username) this.testsocket = new WebSocket('ws://127.0.0.1:8000/ws/'+ username +'/') console.log(this.testsocket) this.testsocket.onmessage = (res) => { console.log('WS的返回結果',res.data); } // onopen 定義打開時的函數 // onclose 定義關閉時的函數 // onmessage 定義接收數據時候的函數 // this.testsocket.onopen = function(){ // console.log('開始連接socket') // }, // this.testsocket.onclose = function(){ // console.log('socket連接已經關閉') // } }}</script>

4.2服務端存儲用戶名以及websocketConsumer，然后給對應的用戶發送信息

from channels.generic.websocket import WebsocketConsumeruser_dict ={}list = []import jsonclass ChatService(WebsocketConsumer): # 當Websocket創建連接時 def connect(self): self.accept() username = self.scope.get('url_route').get('kwargs').get('username') user_dict[username] =self print(user_dict) # list.append(self) # 當Websocket接收到消息時 def receive(self, text_data=None, bytes_data=None): data = json.loads(text_data) print(data) to_user = data.get('to_user') message = data.get('message') ws = user_dict.get(to_user) print(to_user) print(message) print(ws) ws.send(text_data) # 當Websocket發生斷開連接時 def disconnect(self, code): pass

總結

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