Spring Security的簡單使用
前期準備
新建一個springboot項目，導入web模板和thymeleaf模板 導入靜態資源
package com.example.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@Controllerpublic class TestController { @RequestMapping('/') public String index(){return 'index'; } @RequestMapping('/toLogin') public String toLogin(){return 'views/login'; } @RequestMapping('/level1/{id}') public String level1(@PathVariable('id') int id){return 'views/level1/'+id; } @RequestMapping('/level2/{id}') public String level2(@PathVariable('id') int id){return 'views/level2/'+id; } @RequestMapping('/level3/{id}') public String level3(@PathVariable('id') int id){return 'views/level3/'+id; }}SpringSecurity的使用
引入spring-boot-starter-security模塊
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency>
認識SpringSecurity的幾個重要的類
WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter：自定義Security策略 AuthenticationManagerBuilder：自定義認證策略 @EnableWebSecurity：開啟WebSecurity模式SpringSecurity---授權（認真看代碼和注釋）
//授權 @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers('/').permitAll() //首頁所有人可以訪問.antMatchers('/level1/**').hasRole('vip1') //level1下的頁面，VIP1可以訪問.antMatchers('/level2/**').hasRole('vip2').antMatchers('/level3/**').hasRole('vip3');//開啟自動配置的登錄功能，//即，沒有登錄的時候，除了首頁，其他頁面都訪問不了，這時候，你訪問其他頁面的時候，//它直接跳轉到它內置的登陸頁面，讓你登錄 http.formLogin();http.formLogin().loginPage('/toLogin');//自定義登錄頁，將自定義的登錄頁替換掉內置的登錄頁//用來處理用戶登錄提交的表單http.formLogin().usernameParameter('username').passwordParameter('password').loginPage('/toLogin').loginProcessingUrl('/login');//開啟自動配置的注銷的功能// /logout 注銷請求 http.logout();http.csrf().disable();//關閉csrf功能:跨站請求偽造,默認只能通過post方式提交logout請求http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl('/');//注銷成功就返回首頁//開啟記住我功能 http.rememberMe();http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter('remember');//在自定義登錄頁添加 記住我 }
SpringSecurity---認證（認真看代碼和注釋）
//認證 @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {/* auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser('xiaomi').password('123').roles('vip1') 這樣寫是不行的，會出現500錯誤。原因：密碼沒有加密 Spring security 5.0中新增了多種加密方式，也改變了密碼的格式。 要想我們的項目還能夠正常登陸，需要修改一下configure中的代碼。我們要將前端傳過來的密碼進行某種方式加密 spring security 官方推薦的是使用bcrypt加密方式。 這里通過 passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()) 的方式進行加密 */// 在內存中定義認證的規則auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder()).withUser('xiaolong').password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode('123456')).roles('vip1').and().withUser('xiaomi').password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode('123456')).roles('vip1','vip2').and().withUser('xiaohu').password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode('123456')).roles('vip1','vip2','vip3');//在jdbc中定義認證的規則//auth.jdbcAuthentication() }
啟動測試
靜態資源login.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en' xmlns:th='http://www.thymeleaf.org'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1'> <title>登錄</title> <!--semantic-ui--> <link rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><!--主容器--><div class='ui container'> <div class='ui segment'><div style='text-align: center'> <h1 class='header'>登錄</h1></div><div class='ui placeholder segment'> <div class='ui column very relaxed stackable grid'><div class='column'> <div class='ui form'><form th:action='@{/login}' method='post'> <div class='field'><label>Username</label><div class='ui left icon input'> <input type='text' placeholder='Username' name='username'> <i class='user icon'></i></div> </div> <div class='field'><label>Password</label><div class='ui left icon input'> <input type='password' name='password'> <i class='lock icon'></i></div> </div> <div class='field'><input type='checkbox' name='remember'>記住我 </div> <input type='submit' /></form> </div></div> </div></div><div style='text-align: center'> <div class='ui label'></i>注冊 </div> <br><br></div><div style='text-align: center'> <h3>Spring Security</h3></div> </div></div><script th:src='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}'></script><script th:src='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/js/semantic.min.js}'></script></body></html>
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='en' xmlns:th='http://www.thymeleaf.org' xmlns:sec='http://www.thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security'><head> <meta charset='UTF-8'> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1'> <title>首頁</title> <!--semantic-ui--> <link rel='external nofollow' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'> <link th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/css/mystyle.css}' rel='external nofollow' rel='stylesheet'></head><body><!--主容器--><div class='ui container'> <div th:fragment='nav-menu'><div class='ui secondary menu'> <a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/index}' rel='external nofollow' >首頁</a> <!--登錄注銷--> <div class='right menu'><!--未登錄--><!--sec:authorize='!isAuthenticated() 未認證即未登錄--><div sec:authorize='!isAuthenticated()'> <a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/toLogin}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='address card icon'></i> 登錄 </a></div><!--已登錄--><!--sec:authorize='!isAuthenticated() 已認證即已經有用戶登錄--><div sec:authorize='isAuthenticated()'> <a class='item'><i class='address card icon'></i>用戶名：<span sec:authentication='principal.username'></span>角色：<span sec:authentication='principal.authorities'></span> </a></div><!--注銷--><div sec:authorize='isAuthenticated()'> <a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/logout}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='sign-out icon'></i> 注銷 </a></div> </div></div> </div> <div style='text-align: center'><h3>Spring Security</h3> </div> <div><br><div class='ui three column stackable grid'> <!-- sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip1’) 永擁有vip1權限的人才能看到 --> <div sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip1’)'><div class='ui raised segment'> <div class='ui'><div class='content'> <h5 class='content'>Level 1</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level1/1}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-1-1</a></div> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level1/2}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-1-2</a></div> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level1/3}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-1-3</a></div></div> </div></div> </div> <!-- sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip2’) 永擁有vip2權限的人才能看到 --> <div sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip2’)'><div class='ui raised segment'> <div class='ui'><div class='content'> <h5 class='content'>Level 2</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level2/1}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-2-1</a></div> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level2/2}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-2-2</a></div> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level2/3}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-2-3</a></div></div> </div></div> </div> <!-- sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip3’) 永擁有vip3權限的人才能看到 --> <div sec:authorize='hasRole(’vip3’)'><div class='ui raised segment'> <div class='ui'><div class='content'> <h5 class='content'>Level 3</h5> <hr> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level3/1}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-3-1</a></div> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level3/2}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-3-2</a></div> <div><a th:href='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/level3/3}' rel='external nofollow' ><i class='bullhorn icon'></i> Level-3-3</a></div></div> </div></div> </div></div> </div> </div><script th:src='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}'></script><script th:src='http://m.b3g6.com/bcjs/@{/js/semantic.min.js}'></script></body></html>一些其他的小東西 如果你在測試TestController之前已經提前把spring-boot-starter-security這個依賴導入，那么你請求首頁的時候，程序會自動跳轉到登錄頁面，任何請求都會被攔截，停留在登錄頁面 如果用戶還沒有登錄，你只能看到首頁，你點擊首頁的任何界面的請求都會跳轉到默認的登錄頁面。然后，你通過你認證過的用戶進行登錄，登錄成功后會返回你之前點擊的那個界面的請求。也就是說，本來界面有一個/level1/1.html你點擊它，沒登錄，會直接跳轉到默認的登錄界面，登陸成功后，會返回/level1/1.html，而不是返回首頁，這是默認的 分析一下自定義登錄頁的實現
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