本來大型服務(wù)處理請(qǐng)求超時(shí)，限流，降級(jí)熔斷工作用hystrix,但是這個(gè)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不再更新了，雖說它現(xiàn)在提供的版本不會(huì)影響到大多數(shù)開發(fā)者的使用，但是長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)考慮，被更換是一件必然的事，而且現(xiàn)在像resilience4j， Sentinel這樣的替代品出現(xiàn)，今天我們就看看使用zuul 與 Sentinel整合，實(shí)現(xiàn)降級(jí)與超時(shí)處理，其實(shí)網(wǎng)上有很多這樣的教程，這里我只是做一個(gè)自己的筆記而已

<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId> <artifactId>sentinel-zuul-adapter</artifactId> <version>1.7.1</version></dependency>2、配置文件，其實(shí)Sentinel在這里沒什么配置

server: port: 6001spring: application: name: e-zuuleureka: instance: hostname: localhost lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 90 #表示服務(wù)端多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒有接受到心跳信息后可以刪除自己 lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 30 #表示需要要向服務(wù)端發(fā)送信息，表示自己還活著 ip-address: true client: healthcheck: enabled: true #客戶端心跳檢測(cè) service-url: defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:3001/eureka/zuul: add-proxy-headers: true LogFilter: pre: disable=true: routes: e-email: serviceId: e-email path: /email/** e-user: serviceId: e-user path: /user/**3、配置類, 其實(shí)配置類和后邊的降級(jí)回調(diào)處理類才是關(guān)鍵

而且配置類中幾個(gè)關(guān)于zuul與Sentinel的過濾器非常關(guān)鍵，這里要是不提供它們，將無法實(shí)現(xiàn)我們想要的功能，還有就是網(wǎng)關(guān)規(guī)則，可以選擇qps, 超時(shí)，線程等，setGrade(RuleConstant.DEGRADE_GRADE_RT)提供選擇不同的策略

package com.mjlf.ezuul.config;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayFlowRule;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.common.rule.GatewayRuleManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.fallback.ZuulBlockFallbackManager;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.filters.SentinelZuulErrorFilter;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.filters.SentinelZuulPostFilter;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.adapter.gateway.zuul.filters.SentinelZuulPreFilter;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.RuleConstant;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeRule;import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.degrade.DegradeRuleManager;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;@Configurationpublic class ZuulConfig { @Bean public ZuulFilter sentinelZuulPreFilter() {// We can also provider the filter order in the constructor.return new SentinelZuulPreFilter(); } @Bean public ZuulFilter sentinelZuulPostFilter() {return new SentinelZuulPostFilter(); } @Bean public ZuulFilter sentinelZuulErrorFilter() {return new SentinelZuulErrorFilter(); } @PostConstruct public void doInit() {// 注冊(cè) FallbackProviderZuulBlockFallbackManager.registerProvider(new MyBlockFallbackProvider());initGatewayRules(); } /** * 配置限流規(guī)則 */ private void initGatewayRules() {Set<GatewayFlowRule> rules = new HashSet<>();rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule('e-user').setCount(3) // 限流閾值.setIntervalSec(1) // 統(tǒng)計(jì)時(shí)間窗口，單位是秒，默認(rèn)是 1 秒);rules.add(new GatewayFlowRule('e-user').setGrade(RuleConstant.DEGRADE_GRADE_RT)//設(shè)置超時(shí)類型規(guī)則.setMaxQueueingTimeoutMs(500));GatewayRuleManager.loadRules(rules); }}4、回調(diào)處理類，當(dāng)有請(qǐng)求被攔截到后，就會(huì)調(diào)用降級(jí)回調(diào)方法

// 自定義 FallbackProvider@Componentpublic class MyBlockFallbackProvider implements ZuulBlockFallbackProvider { private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultBlockFallbackProvider.class); // you can define route as service level @Override public String getRoute() {return '*'; } @Override public BlockResponse fallbackResponse(String route, Throwable cause) {RecordLog.info(String.format('[Sentinel DefaultBlockFallbackProvider] Run fallback route: %s', route));if (cause instanceof BlockException) { return new BlockResponse(429, 'Sentinel block exception', route);} else { return new BlockResponse(500, 'System Error', route);} }}zuul集成Sentinel最新的網(wǎng)關(guān)流控組件一、說明

Sentinel 網(wǎng)關(guān)流控支持針對(duì)不同的路由和自定義的 API 分組進(jìn)行流控，支持針對(duì)請(qǐng)求屬性（如 URL 參數(shù)，Client IP，Header 等）進(jìn)行流控。

Sentinel 1.6.3 引入了網(wǎng)關(guān)流控控制臺(tái)的支持，用戶可以直接在 Sentinel 控制臺(tái)上查看 API Gateway 實(shí)時(shí)的 route 和自定義 API 分組監(jiān)控，管理網(wǎng)關(guān)規(guī)則和 API 分組配置。

1. 網(wǎng)關(guān)添加sentinel相關(guān)的jar依賴

<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId> <artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId></dependency><dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId></dependency>

2. 網(wǎng)關(guān)zuul的sentinel配置

spring: # sentinel動(dòng)態(tài)配置規(guī)則 cloud: sentinel: zuul:enabled: trueorder: pre: 2000 post: 500 error: -100 filter:enabled: false datasource:# 限流ds1: nacos: server-addr: ${zlt.nacos.server-addr} dataId: ${spring.application.name}-sentinel-gw-flow groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP rule-type: gw-flow# api分組ds2: nacos: server-addr: ${zlt.nacos.server-addr} dataId: ${spring.application.name}-sentinel-gw-api-group groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP rule-type: gw-api-group

綁定gw-flow(限流)和gw-api-group(api分組)的規(guī)則數(shù)據(jù)源為nacos并指定nacos上對(duì)應(yīng)的dataId和groupId

3. nacos規(guī)則配置

3.1. 限流配置gw-flow

Data ID：api-gateway-sentinel-gw-flow

Group：DEFAULT_GROUP

配置內(nèi)容：

[ { 'resource': 'user', 'count': 0, 'paramItem': { 'parseStrategy': 3, 'fieldName': 'name' } }, { 'resource': 'uaa_api', 'count': 0 }]

規(guī)則1：所有user的請(qǐng)求只要參數(shù)帶有name的都攔截(qps=0)，user為zuul路由配置上的routeId規(guī)則2：api分組為uaa_api的所有請(qǐng)求都攔截(qps=0)

3.2. api分組配置gw-api-group

Data ID：api-gateway-sentinel-gw-api-group

Group：DEFAULT_GROUP

配置內(nèi)容：

[ { 'apiName': 'uaa_api', 'predicateItems': [ {'pattern': '/user/login' }, {'pattern': '/api-uaa/oauth/**','matchStrategy': 1 } ] }]

上面配置意思為滿足規(guī)則的api都統(tǒng)一分組為uaa_api分組規(guī)則1：精準(zhǔn)匹配/user/login分組規(guī)則2：前綴匹配/api-uaa/oauth/**

4. 網(wǎng)關(guān)zuul啟動(dòng)參數(shù)

需要在接入端原有啟動(dòng)參數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上添加-Dcsp.sentinel.app.type=1啟動(dòng)以將您的服務(wù)標(biāo)記為 API Gateway，在接入控制臺(tái)時(shí)您的服務(wù)會(huì)自動(dòng)注冊(cè)為網(wǎng)關(guān)類型，然后您即可在控制臺(tái)配置網(wǎng)關(guān)規(guī)則和 API 分組，例如：

java -Dcsp.sentinel.app.type=1 -jar zuul-gateway.jar三、sentinel控制臺(tái)管理

API管理(分組)

網(wǎng)關(guān)流控規(guī)則

1. 測(cè)試限流規(guī)則1

所有user的請(qǐng)求只要參數(shù)帶有name的都攔截(qps=0)

不加name參數(shù)，可以訪問api

后面加上name參數(shù)，請(qǐng)求被攔截

2. 測(cè)試限流規(guī)則2

api分組為uaa_api的所有請(qǐng)求都攔截(qps=0)

前綴匹配/api-uaa/oauth/**

精準(zhǔn)匹配/user/login

以上為個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)，希望能給大家一個(gè)參考，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦網(wǎng)。