在開發 Web 項目的時候，經常需要過濾器來處理一些請求，包括字符集轉換什么的，記錄請求日志什么的等等。在之前的 Web 開發中，我們習慣把過濾器配置到 web.xml 中，但是在 SpringBoot 中，兵沒有這個配置文件，該如何操作呢？

1.編寫一個過濾器：

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import javax.servlet.*;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.Set;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; @Slf4j@WebFilter(urlPatterns='/dyflight/*')public class IpFilter implements Filter{ /** * 默認限制時間（單位：ms）3600000,3600(s), */ private static final long LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS = 10 * 1000; /** * 用戶連續訪問最高閥值，超過該值則認定為惡意操作的IP，進行限制 */ private static final int LIMIT_NUMBER = 5; /** * 用戶訪問最小安全時間，在該時間內如果訪問次數大于閥值，則記錄為惡意IP，否則視為正常訪問 */ private static final int MIN_SAFE_TIME = 5000; private FilterConfig config; @Override public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException { this.config = filterConfig; //設置屬性filterConfig } /* (non-Javadoc) * @see javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain) */ @SuppressWarnings('unchecked') @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) servletResponse; ServletContext context = config.getServletContext(); // 獲取限制IP存儲器：存儲被限制的IP信息 //Map<String, Long> limitedIpMap = (Map<String, Long>) context.getAttribute('limitedIpMap'); ConcurrentHashMap<String ,Long> limitedIpMap = (ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long>) context.getAttribute('limitedIpMap'); // 過濾受限的IP filterLimitedIpMap(limitedIpMap); // 獲取用戶IP String ip = IPUtil.getRemoteIpAddr(request); System.err.println('ip:'+ip); // 判斷是否是被限制的IP，如果是則跳到異常頁面 if (isLimitedIP(limitedIpMap, ip)) { long limitedTime = limitedIpMap.get(ip) - System.currentTimeMillis(); // 剩余限制時間(用為從毫秒到秒轉化的一定會存在些許誤差，但基本可以忽略不計) request.setAttribute('remainingTime', ((limitedTime / 1000) + (limitedTime % 1000 > 0 ? 1 : 0))); System.err.println('ip訪問過于頻繁：'+ip); throw new RuntimeException('ip訪問過于頻繁'); } // 獲取IP存儲器 ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long[]> ipMap = (ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long[]>) context.getAttribute('ipMap'); // 判斷存儲器中是否存在當前IP，如果沒有則為初次訪問，初始化該ip // 如果存在當前ip，則驗證當前ip的訪問次數 // 如果大于限制閥值，判斷達到閥值的時間，如果不大于[用戶訪問最小安全時間]則視為惡意訪問，跳轉到異常頁面 if (ipMap.containsKey(ip)) { Long[] ipInfo = ipMap.get(ip); ipInfo[0] = ipInfo[0] + 1; log.debug('當前第[' + (ipInfo[0]) + ']次訪問'); if (ipInfo[0] > LIMIT_NUMBER) {Long ipAccessTime = ipInfo[1];Long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis(); log.debug('ip訪問過于頻繁：currentTimeMillis: '+currentTimeMillis+' - ipAccessTime:'+ipAccessTime+' : ' + (currentTimeMillis - ipAccessTime) + '<='+ MIN_SAFE_TIME); if (currentTimeMillis - ipAccessTime <= MIN_SAFE_TIME) { limitedIpMap.put(ip, currentTimeMillis + LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS); request.setAttribute('remainingTime', LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS); log.debug('ip訪問過于頻繁：LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS:'+LIMITED_TIME_MILLIS); log.debug('ip訪問過于頻繁：'+ip); throw new RuntimeException('ip訪問過于頻繁');} else { initIpVisitsNumber(ipMap, ip);} } } else { initIpVisitsNumber(ipMap, ip); System.out.println('您首次訪問該網站'); } context.setAttribute('ipMap', ipMap); chain.doFilter(request, response); } @Override public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } /** * @Description 過濾受限的IP，剔除已經到期的限制IP * @param limitedIpMap */ private void filterLimitedIpMap(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> limitedIpMap) { if (limitedIpMap == null) { return; } Set<String> keys = limitedIpMap.keySet(); Iterator<String> keyIt = keys.iterator(); long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis(); while (keyIt.hasNext()) { long expireTimeMillis = limitedIpMap.get(keyIt.next()); log.debug('expireTimeMillis <= currentTimeMillis:'+ expireTimeMillis+' <='+ currentTimeMillis); if (expireTimeMillis <= currentTimeMillis) {keyIt.remove(); } } } /** * @Description 是否是被限制的IP * @param limitedIpMap * @param ip * @return true : 被限制 | false : 正常 */ private boolean isLimitedIP(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> limitedIpMap, String ip) { if (limitedIpMap == null || ip == null) { // 沒有被限制 return false; } Set<String> keys = limitedIpMap.keySet(); Iterator<String> keyIt = keys.iterator(); while (keyIt.hasNext()) { String key = keyIt.next(); if (key.equals(ip)) {// 被限制的IPreturn true; } } return false; } /** * 初始化用戶訪問次數和訪問時間 * * @param ipMap * @param ip */ private void initIpVisitsNumber(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long[]> ipMap, String ip) { Long[] ipInfo = new Long[2]; ipInfo[0] = 0L;// 訪問次數 ipInfo[1] = System.currentTimeMillis();// 初次訪問時間 ipMap.put(ip, ipInfo); }}

2. 創建一個監聽器：需要初始化倆個容器：

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; @Slf4j@WebListenerpublic class MyApplicationListener implements ServletContextListener { @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { log.debug('liting: contextInitialized'); log.debug('MyApplicationListener初始化成功'); ServletContext context = sce.getServletContext(); // IP存儲器 ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long[]> ipMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); context.setAttribute('ipMap', ipMap); // 限制IP存儲器：存儲被限制的IP信息 ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long> limitedIpMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Long>(); context.setAttribute('limitedIpMap', limitedIpMap); log.debug('ipmap：'+ipMap.toString()+';limitedIpMap:'+limitedIpMap.toString()+'初始化成功。。。。。'); } @Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub }}

3.iputil

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import java.net.InetAddress;import java.net.UnknownHostException; public class IPUtil { public static String getRemoteIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) { String ip = request.getHeader('x-forwarded-for'); if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || 'unknown'.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader('Proxy-Client-IP'); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || 'unknown'.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader('WL-Proxy-Client-IP'); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || 'unknown'.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader('HTTP_CLIENT_IP'); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || 'unknown'.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || 'unknown'.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); if('127.0.0.1'.equals(ip)||'0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1'.equals(ip)){//根據網卡取本機配置的IPInetAddress inet=null;try { inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();} catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace();}ip= inet.getHostAddress(); } } return ip; } }

4配置

springboot啟動類中添加過濾器和監聽器的包掃描

@ServletComponentScan(basePackages='cn.xxx.common')

spring web.xml

過濾器

<filter> <filter-name>ipFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.xxxx.common.filter.IpFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>ipFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/dyflight/**</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

監聽器：

<listener> <listener-class>com.xxxx.common.Listener.MyApplicationListener</listener-class> </listener>

以上就是本文的全部內容，希望對大家的學習有所幫助，也希望大家多多支持好吧啦網。