Android中網絡框架的簡單封裝

前言

Android作為一款主要應用在移動終端的操作系統，訪問網絡是必不可少的功能。訪問網絡，最基本的接口有：HttpUrlConnection,HttpClient，而在后續的發展中，出現了Volley，OkHttp，Retrofit等網絡封裝庫。由于各種原因，在實際的項目開發中，我們可能會需要在項目的版本迭代中，切換網絡框架。如果對于網絡框架沒有好的封裝，那么當需要切換網絡框架時，可能就會有大量的遷移工作要做。

封裝網絡框架

在架構設計中，面向接口和抽象，是解耦的一個重要原則。本文將基于這一原則，實現一個簡單的網絡框架封裝。

定義網絡訪問的接口

抽取出不同網絡框架的共同方法，定義成接口方法。

public interface IHttpLoader { /** * GET方式請求 * * @param url * @param params * @param callback */ void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback); /** * POST方式請求 * * @param url * @param params * @param callback */ void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback);}

定義網絡訪問的Callback

public interface IHttpCallback { /** * 成功時的回調 * * @param result */ void onSuccess(String result); /** * 失敗時的回調 * * @param msg */ void onFailed(String msg);}

定義具體的接口實現類

分別對具體的網絡框架進行接口實現，這里以Volley和OkHttp為例

Volley的實現類

public class VolleyHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader { private static RequestQueue mRequestQueue; public VolleyHttpLoader(Context context) { mRequestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(context); } @Override public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,new Response.Listener<String>() { @Override public void onResponse(String s) { callback.onSuccess(s); }}, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString()); } }); mRequestQueue.add(request); } @Override public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { StringRequest request = new StringRequest(Request.Method.POST, url,new Response.Listener<String>() { @Override public void onResponse(String s) { callback.onSuccess(s); }}, new Response.ErrorListener() { @Override public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError volleyError) {callback.onFailed(volleyError.toString()); } }); mRequestQueue.add(request); }}

OkHttp的實現類

public class OkHttpLoader implements IHttpLoader { private static OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient; public OkHttpLoader() { mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient(); } @Override public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build(); mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {callback.onFailed(e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {if (response.isSuccessful()) { String result = response.body().string(); callback.onSuccess(result);} else { callback.onFailed(response.message());} } }); } @Override public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, final IHttpCallback callback) { RequestBody requestBody = appendBody(params); Request request = new Request.Builder().post(requestBody).url(url).build(); mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {callback.onFailed(e.toString()); } @Override public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {if (response.isSuccessful()) { String result = response.body().string(); callback.onSuccess(result);} else { callback.onFailed(response.message());} } }); } private RequestBody appendBody(Map<String, Object> params) { FormBody.Builder body = new FormBody.Builder(); if (params == null || params.isEmpty()) { return body.build(); } for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) { body.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString()); } return body.build(); }}

定義Callback的實現

public abstract class HttpCallback<Result> implements IHttpCallback { @Override public void onSuccess(String result) { Gson gson = new Gson(); Class<?> clazz = analysisClazzInfo(this); Result resultObj = (Result) gson.fromJson(result, clazz); onSuccess(resultObj); } /** * 成功時的回調 * * @param result */ public abstract void onSuccess(Result result); private Class<?> analysisClazzInfo(Object object) { Type genType = object.getClass().getGenericSuperclass(); Type[] params = ((ParameterizedType) genType).getActualTypeArguments(); return (Class<?>) params[0]; }}

返回的數據Bean

public class Data { private int errorCode; private String errorMsg; private List<DataBean> data; public int getErrorCode() { return errorCode; } public void setErrorCode(int errorCode) { this.errorCode = errorCode; } public String getErrorMsg() { return errorMsg; } public void setErrorMsg(String errorMsg) { this.errorMsg = errorMsg; } public List<DataBean> getData() { return data; } public void setData(List<DataBean> data) { this.data = data; } public static class DataBean { private int courseId; private int id; private String name; private int order; private int parentChapterId; private boolean userControlSetTop; private int visible; private List<?> children; public int getCourseId() { return courseId; } public void setCourseId(int courseId) { this.courseId = courseId; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getOrder() { return order; } public void setOrder(int order) { this.order = order; } public int getParentChapterId() { return parentChapterId; } public void setParentChapterId(int parentChapterId) { this.parentChapterId = parentChapterId; } public boolean isUserControlSetTop() { return userControlSetTop; } public void setUserControlSetTop(boolean userControlSetTop) { this.userControlSetTop = userControlSetTop; } public int getVisible() { return visible; } public void setVisible(int visible) { this.visible = visible; } public List<?> getChildren() { return children; } public void setChildren(List<?> children) { this.children = children; } @Override public String toString() { return 'DataBean{' + 'courseId=' + courseId + ', id=' + id + ', name=’' + name + ’’’ + ', order=' + order + ', parentChapterId=' + parentChapterId + ', userControlSetTop=' + userControlSetTop + ', visible=' + visible + ', children=' + children + ’}’; } } @Override public String toString() { return 'Data{' +'errorCode=' + errorCode +', errorMsg=’' + errorMsg + ’’’ +', data=' + data +’}’; }}

定義統一管理類

public class HttpHelper implements IHttpLoader { private static IHttpLoader mHttpLoader; private HttpHelper() { } public static void init(IHttpLoader httpLoader) { mHttpLoader = httpLoader; } public static HttpHelper obtain() { return HttpHelperHolder.INSTANCE; } static class HttpHelperHolder { private static HttpHelper INSTANCE = new HttpHelper(); } @Override public void get(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback) { mHttpLoader.get(url, params, callback); } @Override public void post(String url, Map<String, Object> params, IHttpCallback callback) { mHttpLoader.post(url, params, callback); }}

在Application中初始化

定義一個繼承自Application的類，在onCreate方法中初始化網絡訪問

public class App extends Application { @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate();// HttpHelper.init(new OkHttpLoader()); HttpHelper.init(new VolleyHttpLoader(this)); }}

后續如果需要切換網絡框架，只需要在這里修改就可以了。

應用

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String URL_HTTP = 'https://www.wanandroid.com/wxarticle/chapters/json'; private ImageView mIv; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); mTv = findViewById(R.id.tv); findViewById(R.id.btn_get).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) {HttpHelper.obtain().get(URL_HTTP, null, new HttpCallback<Data>() { @Override public void onFailed(final String msg) { runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() {mTv.setText(msg); } }); } @Override public void onSuccess(final Data data) { runOnUiThread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() {mTv.setText(data.toString()); } }); }}); } }); }}

結束

這里介紹的，其實只是一個封裝的思路。基于這個思路，還可以封裝常用的圖片訪問庫等。可以自由拓展。

源碼地址：https://github.com/milovetingting/Samples/tree/master/Loader

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