由于Bash實在太惡心，很多運維工程師開始使用Python代替Bash寫各種腳本。

雖然理論上可以用Python調用Bash指令實現各種功能，但是給各種命令寫Bash wrapper還要解析輸出實在太麻煩。所以我們還是希望用原生Python庫來實現各種功能。

今天我推薦一個好用的Python庫psutil。

psutil一個能夠跨平臺使用的庫。可以用來獲取系統信息（CPU、內存、磁盤、網絡）和進程信息。

它可以被用來替代這些UNIX的系統命令：ps, top, lsof, netstat, ifconfig, who, df, kill, free, nice, ionice, iostat, iotop, uptime, pidof, tty, taskset, pmap

下面是一些具體例子：

>>> import psutil # 加載庫CPU信息

CPU占用率

>>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=5)12.9

CPU頻率

>>> psutil.cpu_freq()scpufreq(current=2300, min=2300, max=2300)

CPU load

>>> psutil.getloadavg()(2.21044921875, 2.4814453125, 2.74609375)內存信息

內存使用狀況

>>> psutil.virtual_memory()svmem(total=8589934592, available=1664913408, percent=80.6, used=5807058944, free=15069184, active=1651421184, inactive=1649065984, wired=4155637760)磁盤

磁盤分區信息

>>> psutil.disk_partitions()[sdiskpart(device=’/dev/disk1s5’, mountpoint=’/’, fstype=’apfs’, opts=’ro,local,rootfs,dovolfs,journaled,multilabel’, maxfile=255, maxpath=1024), ...]

磁盤占用率

>>> psutil.disk_usage(’/’)sdiskusage(total=250685575168, used=11233398784, free=14531440640, percent=43.6)

磁盤IO

>>> psutil.disk_io_counters()sdiskio(read_count=190236826, write_count=110716593, read_bytes=11349786423296, write_bytes=9505852936192, read_time=165443373, write_time=100234117)網絡

網絡連接 (netstat)

>>> import psutil>>> psutil.net_connections()[pconn(fd=115, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=’10.0.0.1’, port=48776), raddr=addr(ip=’93.186.135.91’, port=80), status=’ESTABLISHED’, pid=1254), pconn(fd=117, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=’10.0.0.1’, port=43761), raddr=addr(ip=’72.14.234.100’, port=80), status=’CLOSING’, pid=2987), pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=’10.0.0.1’, port=60759), raddr=addr(ip=’72.14.234.104’, port=80), status=’ESTABLISHED’, pid=None), pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=’10.0.0.1’, port=51314), raddr=addr(ip=’72.14.234.83’, port=443), status=’SYN_SENT’, pid=None) ...]

網絡接口（ifconfig)

>>> psutil.net_if_addrs(){’lo’: [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address=’127.0.0.1’, netmask=’255.0.0.0’, broadcast=’127.0.0.1’, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address=’::1’, netmask=’ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff’, broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address=’00:00:00:00:00:00’, netmask=None, broadcast=’00:00:00:00:00:00’, ptp=None)], ’wlan0’: [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address=’192.168.1.3’, netmask=’255.255.255.0’, broadcast=’192.168.1.255’, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address=’fe80::c685:8ff:fe45:641%wlan0’, netmask=’ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::’, broadcast=None, ptp=None), snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address=’c4:85:08:45:06:41’, netmask=None, broadcast=’ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff’, ptp=None)]}其它系統信息

電池

>>> psutil.sensors_battery()sbattery(percent=93, secsleft=15420, power_plugged=False)

當前用戶

>>> psutil.users()[suser(name=’myname’, terminal=’console’, host=None, started=1604809088.0, pid=180), suser(name=’yuliji’, terminal=’ttys012’, host=None, started=1615375616.0, pid=13894)]進程信息

PID

>>> psutil.pids()[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, ..., 32498]

所有進程

>>> for proc in psutil.process_iter([’pid’, ’name’, ’username’]):... print(proc.info)...{’name’: ’systemd’, ’pid’: 1, ’username’: ’root’}{’name’: ’kthreadd’, ’pid’: 2, ’username’: ’root’}{’name’: ’ksoftirqd/0’, ’pid’: 3, ’username’: ’root’}

詳細文檔，請參考： psutil.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

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