XML文件是可拓展標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言，是一種簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)語(yǔ)言，被設(shè)計(jì)用來(lái)傳輸和存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)

在Python中XML的一些方法

讀取文件和內(nèi)容

#引用xml模塊from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# ET去打開(kāi)xml文件tree = ET.parse('files/xo.xml')# 獲取根標(biāo)簽root = tree.getroot()print(root) # <Element ’data’ at 0x7f94e02763b0>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank updated='yes'>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank updated='yes'>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content) # 獲取根標(biāo)簽 print(root) # <Element ’data’ at 0x7fdaa019cea0>

讀取節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein' > <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''# 獲取根標(biāo)簽 dataroot = ET.XML(content)country_object = root.find('country') # 獲取XML文件中的country標(biāo)簽print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 獲取country標(biāo)簽名 獲取country標(biāo)簽地屬性gdppc_object = country_object.find('gdppc')# 獲取gdppc標(biāo)簽print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 獲取gdppc標(biāo)簽的名稱 獲取gdppc屬性(沒(méi)有屬性為:{}) 獲取gdppc標(biāo)簽里面的內(nèi)容

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''# 獲取根標(biāo)簽 dataroot = ET.XML(content)# 獲取data標(biāo)簽的孩子標(biāo)簽for child in root: # child.tag = conntry 獲取到兩個(gè)country標(biāo)簽 # child.attrib = {'name':'Liechtenstein'} print(child.tag, child.attrib) for node in child: print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 獲取到reank標(biāo)簽

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content)# 找到子子孫孫的year標(biāo)簽for child in root.iter(’year’): print(child.tag, child.text)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content)v1 = root.findall(’country’) # 找到所有的country標(biāo)簽print(v1)v2 = root.find(’country’).find(’rank’) # 找到country標(biāo)簽中的rank標(biāo)簽print(v2.text)

刪除和修改節(jié)點(diǎn)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ETcontent = '''<data> <country name='Liechtenstein'> <rank>2</rank> <year>2023</year> <gdppc>141100</gdppc> <neighbor direction='E' name='Austria' /> <neighbor direction='W' name='Switzerland' /> </country> <country name='Panama'> <rank>69</rank> <year>2026</year> <gdppc>13600</gdppc> <neighbor direction='W' name='Costa Rica' /> <neighbor direction='E' name='Colombia' /> </country></data>'''root = ET.XML(content)# 修改節(jié)點(diǎn)內(nèi)容和屬性rank = root.find(’country’).find(’rank’)print(rank.text)rank.text = '999' # 修改rank標(biāo)簽里面的內(nèi)容rank.set(’update’, ’2020-11-11’) # 為rank標(biāo)簽新增一個(gè)update屬性print(rank.text, rank.attrib)############ 保存文件 ############tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write('new.xml', encoding=’utf-8’)# 刪除節(jié)點(diǎn)root.remove( root.find(’country’) )print(root.findall(’country’))############ 保存文件 ############tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write('newnew.xml', encoding=’utf-8’)

構(gòu)建文檔

<home> <son name='兒1'> <grandson name='兒11'></grandson> <grandson name='兒12'></grandson> </son> <son name='兒2'></son></home>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創(chuàng)建根標(biāo)簽root = ET.Element('home')# 創(chuàng)建節(jié)點(diǎn)大兒子son1 = ET.Element(’son’, {’name’: ’兒1’})# 創(chuàng)建小兒子son2 = ET.Element(’son’, {'name': ’兒2’})# 在大兒子中創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)孫子grandson1 = ET.Element(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒11’})grandson2 = ET.Element(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒12’})son1.append(grandson1)son1.append(grandson2)# 把兒子添加到根節(jié)點(diǎn)中root.append(son1)root.append(son2)tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write(’oooo.xml’, encoding=’utf-8’, short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短標(biāo)簽的形式創(chuàng)建

<famliy> <son name='兒1'> <grandson name='兒11'></grandson> <grandson name='兒12'></grandson> </son> <son name='兒2'></son></famliy>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創(chuàng)建根節(jié)點(diǎn)root = ET.Element('famliy')# 創(chuàng)建大兒子son1 = root.makeelement(’son’, {’name’: ’兒1’})# 創(chuàng)建小兒子son2 = root.makeelement(’son’, {'name': ’兒2’})# 在大兒子中創(chuàng)建兩個(gè)孫子grandson1 = son1.makeelement(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒11’})grandson2 = son1.makeelement(’grandson’, {’name’: ’兒12’})son1.append(grandson1)son1.append(grandson2)# 把兒子添加到根節(jié)點(diǎn)中root.append(son1)root.append(son2)tree = ET.ElementTree(root)tree.write(’oooo.xml’,encoding=’utf-8’)

<famliy><son name='兒1'> <age name='兒11'>孫子</age> </son><son name='兒2'></son></famliy>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創(chuàng)建根節(jié)點(diǎn)root = ET.Element('famliy')# 創(chuàng)建節(jié)點(diǎn)大兒子son1 = ET.SubElement(root, 'son', attrib={’name’: ’兒1’})# 創(chuàng)建小兒子son2 = ET.SubElement(root, 'son', attrib={'name': '兒2'})# 在大兒子中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)孫子grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, 'age', attrib={’name’: ’兒11’})grandson1.text = ’孫子’et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文檔對(duì)象et.write('test.xml', encoding='utf-8')

<user><![CDATA[你好呀]]</user>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET# 創(chuàng)建根節(jié)點(diǎn)root = ET.Element('user')root.text = '<![CDATA[你好呀]]'et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文檔對(duì)象et.write('test.xml', encoding='utf-8')

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